
Buer Well Drilling
Caledonia, MI 49316
The Caledonia area typically features alternating clay and sand (sometimes with gravel) units, with the main water-bearing aquifer generally in sands or gravel below thick clay layers at depths of approximately 90-180 ft. Most residential wells with 10-15+ GPM capacity reach 100-130 ft, while high-capacity wells often exceed 180 ft.
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Check depths and logs of existing wells in the area before you drill.
Open well map →Costs, permits, maintenance tips for private wells in Michigan.
Open guide →A geological estimate for the Caledonia area.
Based on a representative sample of well logs, the Caledonia region is characterized by surficial sand or sand/gravel, transitioning into extensive clay (including red and blue/gray clays) that can be interbedded with silt, sand, and gravel. The most common and significant aquifer is encountered in sand or gravel below 90-100 ft, often beneath a thick clay confining layer. Typical completed residential wells are 110-130 ft deep and produce 10-18 GPM, with static water levels ranging from 25-80 ft below grade. High-capacity wells, or those seeking more secure yield, are often drilled to 180-240 ft. The standard well construction includes 4-5 inch PVC or steel casing, grouted with bentonite, and a screen set in the lower sand/gravel aquifer.
| Depth (Feet) | Formation Type | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 – 14 ft | Clay (occasional sand or fine gravel inclusions) | Mostly red-brown or gray clay; in places with some fine sand or gravel. Locally sand & gravel at surface. | Color: Red/Brown/Gray Hardness: Soft to medium |
| 14 – 35 ft | Sand (fine-medium, occasional gravel) | Fine to medium sand, some thin layers may include silt or gravel. | Color: Yellow/Brown Hardness: Loose |
| 35 – 90 ft | Clay (thick, occasionally silty or sandy) | Thick blue, gray, or red clay, may have interbeds of sand or silt. Locally plastic or sticky. | Color: Blue/Gray/Red Hardness: Medium to hard |
| 90 – 120 ft | Sand & Gravel | Coarse to fine sand and gravel, main water-bearing zone; occasionally contains cobbles. | Color: Tan/Gray Hardness: Loose |
| 120 – 185 ft | Clay (with sand or stones) | Silty to sandy clay, sometimes with stones; thicker south/east of region. Confining layer above deep aquifer. | Color: Gray/Red Hardness: Medium |
| 185 – 245 ft | Sand & Gravel | Coarse sand and gravel, high capacity deeper aquifer. Not encountered in all wells. | Color: Gray/Tan Hardness: Loose |