
Sam's Well Drilling
Randolph, WI53956
The typical geological profile for the Waukesha region features a sequence of clay, sand/gravel, hardpan or clay cobbles/silty clay, and limestone/dolomite bedrock, with residential wells commonly drawing from the upper limestone layers.
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A geological estimate for the Waukesha area.
Typical Well Depth
Static Water Level
Recommended Method
Based on the synthesis of multiple well logs from the Waukesha area, the most representative subsurface profile consists of: (1) a surficial clay layer; (2) an interval of sand and gravel; (3) a thicker zone of hardpan, sandy clay, or clay with cobbles; (4) underlain by competent limestone or dolomite bedrock. Minor local variations occur, but these four units are routinely present across the area. The limestone bedrock typically serves as the main aquifer zone for residential and municipal wells, and is encountered at median depths of 90–120 ft below ground, with wells commonly finished between 140 and 200 ft, but municipal wells may extend deeper. Static water levels are usually between 65 and 100 ft below ground. Rotary mud drilling is the standard method. Casing is generally set through the entire unconsolidated sequence (typically to the top of limestone), with grout or sealing to comparable depths.
| Depth (Feet) | Formation Type | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 – 10 ft | Clay | Brown to gray clay, silty or sandy in places | Color: Brown/Gray Hardness: Soft |
| 10 – 45 ft | Sand and Gravel | Clean to silty sand and gravel, occasional cobbles, good permeability | Color: Tan/Gray Hardness: Loose |
| 45 – 90 ft | Hardpan / Clay / Sandy Clay / Clay with Cobbles | Dense hard clay, sandy or with gravel/cobbles, sometimes called hardpan or containing silt | Color: Brown/Gray/Blue Hardness: Stiff to hard |
| 90 – 200 ft | Limestone / Dolomite (Bedrock) | Competent limestone or dolomite, fractured in some intervals, primary water-bearing zone for most wells (uppermost 20–60 ft often most productive). Niagara Dolomite common. | Color: Light gray to tan Hardness: Hard |