The typical geology for Zeeland and surrounding areas is a sequence of surficial sand or sand/gravel, followed by thick clay (often with stones or gravel), with deeper sequences commonly including additional sand, sand/gravel, and in many deeper wells, sandstone or gravelly/stony layers at depth.
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A geological estimate for the Zeeland area.
Typical Well Depth
Static Water Level
Recommended Method
Based on synthesis of representative well logs in Zeeland and adjacent townships, the most common geological profile is: an initial sand or sand/gravel layer (often 9-20 ft thick), followed by a substantial clay layer (mostly 40-100+ ft, sometimes with interbedded stones or gravel), occasionally overlain by another sand or clay/gravel mix. At depths greater than 100-140 ft, more sand, sand/gravel, or sandstone commonly appear, sometimes in multiple lenticular layers. Mean static water levels range from 13 to 65 ft, with most productive residential wells set between 80 and 160 ft, drawing from thick sand, sand/gravel, or sandstone units. Typical high capacity wells are completed around 180-220 ft, with screens set in deep sand/gravel or sandstone.
| Depth (Feet) | Formation Type | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 – 15 ft | Sand to Sand/Gravel | Fine to coarse sand, may include some gravel. This surficial unit is widespread and often water bearing. | Color: Tan to brown Hardness: Unconsolidated |
| 15 – 90 ft | Clay (occasional stones/gravel) | Silty to clayey unit, sometimes interbedded with thin gravel or stony horizons, locally subdivided into red or brown/gray clay. | Color: Gray, brown, or red Hardness: Soft to stiff |
| 90 – 130 ft | Clay & Stones or Clay & Gravel | Gravelly or stony clay—transition interval that can include productive lenses or zones. | Color: Variegated Hardness: Stiff |
| 130 – 145 ft | Sand/Sand & Gravel | Another significant sand and/or gravel unit, commonly the main aquifer for high capacity wells. | Color: Brown, tan Hardness: Unconsolidated |
| 145 – 200 ft | Sandstone or Stones/Gravel | Deeper wells penetrate into consolidated sandstone (often labeled 'Marshall Ss'), or thick zones of stones and/or sandy gravel; this marks the deepest and most resilient water bearing zones. | Color: Reddish or gray Hardness: Consolidated to cemented |