Johnson Well Drilling
Portland, MI48875
The typical geology in the Portland, MI region features a surficial clay or clay-rich till, underlain by interbedded sand/gravel and further clay lenses, with bedrock (primarily sandstone and shale) found at greater depths (typically >100 ft).
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A geological estimate for the Portland area.
Typical Well Depth
Static Water Level
Recommended Method
Analysis of multiple water well logs from the Portland, MI region shows a consistent stratigraphy: A surficial to near-surface clay layer (often interpreted as glacial till), typically 10–30 feet thick, underlain by heterogeneous sand/gravel or sand & clay mixtures, sometimes with thin secondary clay or gravelly lenses. This unconsolidated sequence generally extends to 60–100 feet, occasionally more, and is most often succeeded by consolidated bedrock (commonly sandstone and shale, sometimes interbedded) at depths of 90–100+ feet. Water-bearing zones are most commonly within the coarser sand, gravel, or mixed sand-gravel intervals. Most residential wells (supplying 10–15+ GPM) draw from these sand/gravel layers between 40–90 ft, or, in deeper wells, from fractured bedrock. High-capacity wells access the thicker bedrock aquifers at 200–275+ ft.
| Depth (Feet) | Formation Type | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 – 15 ft | Clay (with stones/till) | Brown/gray clay, commonly glacial till, sometimes with stones or gravel inclusions | Color: Variable (brown to gray) Hardness: Soft to firm |
| 15 – 40 ft | Clay with Gravel/Sand | Clay interbedded or mixed with gravel and/or sand, increasingly coarse with depth | Color: Brown/gray Hardness: Medium |
| 40 – 70 ft | Sand & Gravel (Water-bearing) | Fine-coarse sand and rounded gravel, major aquifer zone; variably mixed with minor clay lenses | Color: Tan to gray Hardness: Loose to medium |
| 70 – 90 ft | Clay with Stones | Dense clay with occasional gravel or stone stringers; grades downward into bedrock or consolidated sand/gravel | Color: Gray to brown Hardness: Firm |
| 90 – 260 ft | Sandstone & Shale (Bedrock aquifer) | Alternating sandstone and shale; primary bedrock aquifer for high-capacity and deepest wells | Color: Reddish brown/gray Hardness: Hard, consolidated |