Typical Buchanan area wells penetrate a sequence of clay, sand, and gravel deposits, with water-bearing sand and gravel layers most commonly found below approximately 50 ft and extending to depths exceeding 100 ft. Residential wells typically target sand and gravel aquifers between 60 and 120 ft with static water levels ranging from 30 to 70 ft.
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A geological estimate for the Buchanan area.
Typical Well Depth
Static Water Level
Recommended Method
Most sampled wells from Buchanan and adjacent areas consistently report an upper section of clay (varying in color), underlain by layers of sand and/or gravel, often in alternating sequences. The most productive aquifers are medium to coarse sand and gravel units, usually beginning below ~25-40 ft and continuing intermittently to the total well depth (commonly 70-140+ ft). Fine to medium sand intervals are variably interspersed amidst thick, often hard, clay layers. The sequence, with minor local variations, is: a thin topsoil/fill, then brown/yellow/gray clay (sometimes with sand), followed by progressively thicker brown sand/gravel (sometimes with stones or coarse character), sometimes interrupted by gray hard clay, underlain again by sand and gravel. Static water levels are typically from 30 to 70 ft below grade, with residential wells favoring full penetration into the lower sand/gravel units for consistent yields. Most residential wells are 70-120 ft deep, while higher capacity or irrigation wells may go beyond 140 ft depending on the aquifer's thickness. Casing is most often PVC (4-5 inches) and extends nearly to total depth. The rotary mud method and bentonite/cement grout are most common.
| Depth (Feet) | Formation Type | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 – 5 ft | Topsoil/Fill or Brown Clay | Thin surface cover of topsoil, fill, or brown weathered clay | Color: Brown Hardness: Soft |
| 5 – 20 ft | Clay (brown/yellow/gray) | Mostly brown or yellowish clay, locally mottled, sometimes with sand veins | Color: Brown to yellow Hardness: Medium |
| 20 – 35 ft | Sand (brown, fine to medium, some stones) | Brown fine to medium sand with occasional gravel or stones | Color: Brown Hardness: Loose to medium |
| 35 – 48 ft | Clay (gray/blue/occasionally hard) | Gray to blue clay, sometimes hard, locally silty | Color: Gray to blue Hardness: Hard |
| 48 – 70 ft | Sand and Gravel (brown/gray, medium to coarse) | Water-bearing, brown or gray, medium to coarse sand and gravel; important aquifer zone, may include some silt or clay lenses | Color: Brown to gray Hardness: Loose |
| 70 – 100 ft | Clay with some sand (gray/hard) | Interbedded gray clay (sometimes hard), with occasional sand and gravel streaks | Color: Gray Hardness: Medium to hard |
| 100 – 140 ft | Sand and Gravel (brown/gray, medium to coarse) | Thick, water-bearing interval of brown or gray, medium to coarse sand and gravel; principle aquifer targeted for both household and high-capacity wells | Color: Brown to gray Hardness: Loose |
| 140 – 170 ft | Sand (fine to medium, may become coarser) | Lower-most sand (in deepest wells), mostly fine to medium, sometimes coarser at very base before bedrock is encountered in some logs | Color: Gray to brown Hardness: Loose |