
Affordable Pump & Well Repair Inc
La Crosse, WI 54601
Typical La Crosse well geology consists of a surface sequence of clay/silt, underlain by sand or sand & gravel, transitioning to sandstone, with occasional shale and limestone at greater depths.
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Open guide →A geological estimate for the La Crosse area.
Based on representative well logs across La Crosse County, the most common stratigraphy begins with a thin layer of topsoil and/or clay, ranging roughly from the surface to 3-5 ft, often blending into a thicker silt or soft muck unit where present. This is consistently followed by a considerable zone of sand or sand & gravel, typically extending from near surface down to between 60-100 ft. In upland or bluff areas the sand/gravel may alternate with hard sandrock, poorly consolidated sand, or sandstone, with some wells reporting initial layers of shale rather than sand. Beneath the sand/gravel or sandstone, deeper wells (especially those exceeding 150 ft) encounter more competent sandstone, and sometimes further underlain by shale, hard shale, or limestone/crevice zones at 150-430 ft and beyond. Water supply comes almost exclusively from the sand/gravel or shallow sandstone. A typical residential well targeting 5-15+ GPM is completed at 60-100 ft within the sand/sandstone, while higher capacity or rural wells may reach 150-460 ft for increased production from sandstone or mixed rock aquifers.
| Depth (Feet) | Formation Type | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 – 3 ft | Clay/Topsoil | Topsoil, clay or silt—varies by location, may include muck near floodplains. | Color: Brown/gray Hardness: Soft |
| 3 – 17 ft | Silt/Muck/Shale (local variation) | Clay silt, soft muck or shallow shale (typically uplands)—unit not present everywhere. | Color: Gray/black/yellow Hardness: Soft/firm |
| 17 – 100 ft | Sand & Gravel / Sandstone | Yellow/brown sand & gravel, soft sandrock or sandstone; primary aquifer for most residential wells. | Color: Yellow-brown Hardness: Soft to medium |
| 100 – 220 ft | Sandstone (in uplands) / Transition zone | Medium to hard sandstone, sometimes interbedded with shale or limestone beds (in deep wells); principal high-capacity aquifer. | Color: Light brown/tan/gray Hardness: Medium to hard |
| 220 – 460 ft | Shale/Limestone (deep wells only) | Hard shale, hard sandstone, and limestone with occasional crevices; not encountered in shallow residential wells. | Color: Gray/green/brown Hardness: Hard |