Typical Benton Harbor wells encounter alternating sand and clay layers, with common medium to fine sand aquifers beneath clay confining units.
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A geological estimate for the Benton Harbor area.
Typical Well Depth
Static Water Level
Recommended Method
Based on a synthesis of random well logs from the Benton Harbor area and adjacent townships, the most representative geological sequence begins with surficial fine sand or sand/topsoil, commonly underlain by significant clay (or silty/clayey) layers, with further alternations of sand/gravel aquifers and clay, transitioning to deeper, more extensive sand or gravelly sand units. Well yields are typically high, with water-bearing sand/gravel layers encountered usually below confining clay. For residential wells, depths of 70–130 ft commonly achieve 5–20+ GPM, with static water levels from 12–65 ft b.g.s. Rotary-mud circulation is the standard drilling method. Casing and grouting practices are consistent with industry standards for unconsolidated glacial deposits.
| Depth (Feet) | Formation Type | Description | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 – 2 ft | Topsoil/Sand | Brown or tan fine sand, may include organic-rich topsoil. | Color: Brown/Tan Hardness: Soft |
| 2 – 20 ft | Sand (fine-medium) | Fine to medium sand, some local gravel lenses possible. | Color: Tan/Brown Hardness: Soft |
| 20 – 45 ft | Clay/Silt | Brown, gray, or tan clay, locally silty or sandy. | Color: Brown/Gray Hardness: Firm |
| 45 – 85 ft | Sand (Water-Bearing) | Brown or tan, medium to coarse sand, permeable, commonly main residential aquifer. | Color: Brown/Tan Hardness: Loose |
| 85 – 130 ft | Clay with lenses of Sand/Silt | Gray or brown clay, often with embedded sand and silt streaks. | Color: Gray/Brown Hardness: Firm |
| 130 – 170 ft | Sand and Gravel (Aquifer) | Gray to brown coarse sand and gravel, high yielding, deeper aquifer for high-capacity wells. | Color: Gray/Brown Hardness: Loose |
| 170 – 185 ft | Sand (Water-Bearing) | Fine to medium sand, water bearing, found in deeper portions of some wells. | Color: Gray Hardness: Loose |